Archive for April, 2009

Fact Checking Joe Biden: The Science Of Flu Exposure On Planes

Thursday, April 30th, 2009

This morning Joe Biden sent lots of pundits and airline executives into a tizzy by saying he wouldn’t want his family flying on a commercial airplane these days, what with all the pig flus floating around. This was a “gaffe” because it was probably something he shouldn’t have said. But, politics aside, was it sound advice?

We consulted the government’s own go-to reference guide on the question of getting sick on planes, a book from the National Research Council called “THE AIRLINER CABIN ENVIRONMENT AND THE HEALTH OF PASSENGERS AND CREW.” [Their caps -Ed.] In fact, it makes Biden’s statement seem entirely sound. The science, to the extent these things have been studied, is a bit frightening.

Some key quotes:

  • “For viruses [in aerosol form], relative humidity and viability are inversely proportional. Thus… the low relative humidities present in most aircraft during flight … probably augment the viability of most viruses.”
  • “Coughing and sneezing produce the biologically richest aerosols [i.e. containing the most bacteria and viruses]. A sneeze produces very large droplets (200 microns and larger). Immediately on release, respiratory droplets begin to dry. Many become droplet nuclei, which are very small, remain airborne for long periods, and [...] can remain infective for hours or even days.”
  • A sneeze produces approximately 2 million viable particles. These do not remain airborne very long, but are highly infective and can be inhaled by people near the infected source. Talking can produce as many as 2,000 particles per explosive sound.”
  • Filters currently used in aircraft ventilation systems probably remove only a very small fraction of the continually produced bioaerosols.”

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Fake Viral Vid of Cops Hugging Cyclists Fools Everyone

Thursday, April 30th, 2009

A video showing cops in Copenhagen hugging cyclists and giving them free helmets has been making the rounds at some of our favorite sites, including TreeHugger and BoingBoing. It has generated incredibly entertaining comment threads with discussions of cycling culture, debates over the pros and cons of helmet laws, and observations about the cultural differences between the US and northern Europe.

But video of the hug-happy policemen was not real, alas. It was produced by some organization called the Danish Road Safety Council. The group’s website is entirely in Danish so we can’t say much about them or their motives, though this Copenhagen blog describes them as “car-centric”. The helmet maker Giro also might have been involved, as the company logo is visible in the film.

In any case, the clip is still much nicer than New York City’s version of the cop-and-cyclist viral video.

Daily Dig

Thursday, April 30th, 2009

Of Bike Helmets And Cushy Freeways: Do Safety Laws Ever Do Us Harm?

Wednesday, April 29th, 2009

be-safeA lot of people seem to be thinking about the unintended consequences of laws designed to make us safer on the roads, whether as cyclists or drivers.

Today Good magazine asks, “Do bike helmet laws do more harm than good?” The question is inspired by a new study arguing that mandatory helmet laws may actually lead to increased health care costs. The rationale is that they’ve been shown to reduce total bicycle ridership by as much as 40 percent. Author Piet de Jong, a mathematician at Macquarie University in Australia, maintains that since cycling is healthy activity, if people do it less, general public health suffers. He predicts health care expenses would rise by $5 billion in the United States if we enacted a nationwide helmet law.

Popular Mechanics was entertaining a thematically similar question a few weeks ago under the headline “Does high tech highway design make us less safe?” In this case “high tech” refers to wide roads with lots of high-visibility paint and guard rails and absolutely no sharp curves.  The piece is inspired by a passage in Tom Vanderbilt’s excellent book Traffic:

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Water Main Break Closes Nation’s Busiest Rail Line

Wednesday, April 29th, 2009

water-main

It’s a hell of a day in Baltimore: Two major water lines break, each creating a separate logistical nightmare.

In the suburb of Halethorp, a 36-inch main broke and created a small river that has swamped the Amtrak line linking Washington and New York. Train service has been halted, and crews are working to clear debris and assess whether there’s been any structural damage to the tracks or to a railway bridge in the area. A local television station has posted some raw helicopter footage of the flooded area, and it certainly looks like tracks will need to be repaired after the water subsides.

Several areas schools have been closed and there are also reports that underground electrical lines have been washed out into the open (which doesn’t sound like any fun at all in the context of the flooding).

The other local hydrological catastrophe was a break in a 20-inch main that flooded part of Baltimore’s downtown, closing government and business offices, creating traffic jams, and causing significant street damage.

So, apart from the local news angle, what’s to be gleaned from this? The venerable city, like much of the rest of the country, has a water system that’s in miserable shape. According to the Baltimore Sun:

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Suburbanites Near Train Lines Own Fewer Cars

Wednesday, April 29th, 2009

cars-per-house-cropSometimes it’s fun to see strong evidence for something you’re already pretty sure is true. In this case: A map from Transport Textbook showing that suburban residents who live closer to rail lines tend to own fewer cars. (Click through the jump below for a full-sized version.)

The city in question is Melbourne, Australia. The graphic shows the local tram and rail network mapped against car ownership data. In combination they offer a pretty compelling argument that access to good transit reduces the need and/or desire to own automobiles among residents of outer suburbs.

Not surprisingly, the map also shows that inner suburbs and the city center have much lower car ownership — having plenty of transit options is presumably one factor there, as well.

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The Daily Dig

Wednesday, April 29th, 2009

Mileage Tax Is Alive and Well and Living in Congress

Tuesday, April 28th, 2009

oberstarJust two months ago, the idea of taxing motorists on the basis of how many miles they drive seemed to be dead as a doornail. After being floated by the new transportation secretary as a way to fund our highways, his boss–the guy everyone calls “Mr President”–shot it down remorselessly.

Usually, when a Mr President shoots something down, it stays dead. [Insert own Dick Cheney hunting joke here.] But not in this case. Today, James Oberstar, the head of the House transportation committee, said he wants a mileage tax. And not only does he want one, he wants it to happen in as little as two years — not the decade or more that many advocates have been talking about.

The Associated Press reports:

Oberstar said he believes the technology exists to implement a mileage tax. He said he sees no point in waiting years for the results of pilot programs since such a tax system is inevitable as federal gasoline tax revenues decline.

“Why do we need a pilot program? Why don’t we just phase it in?” said Oberstar, the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee chairman. Oberstar is drafting a six-year transportation bill to fund highway and transit programs that is expected to total around a half trillion dollars.

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The Future of Streetlights: 6 Brilliant New Concepts

Tuesday, April 28th, 2009

nyc-led-streetlight1

As objects, streetlights tend to recede into that dull tangle of structures that keep our towns and cities running smoothly. They generally aren’t intended to draw any notice. But maybe its time to start appreciating the possibilities. When well designed–which the typical American streetlight is emphatically not–they can make our urban environments more appealing and livable. Part of that challenge includes making them more sustainable: At present, street and highway lighting in the U.S. accounts for 2 percent of overall electrical demand. Simply using energy-saving LED light bulbs would eliminate 9 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year, according to one estimate.

But swapping in new bulbs is just a start. A few visionaries are already re-imagining the streetlight in bold ways, designing devices that use less energy and improve our urban landscapes. Here are some of their brightest ideas:

tokyo-streetlight“The Seagull” Streetlamp - Like the Light Blossom, the Seagull is designed to be the self-powering device. The main difference is that this one already exists. Installed in Tokyo near the Panasonic Center, this device is entirely off the grid. It has a solar panel and a rotating, vertical-axis wind turbine. Energy gathered from the these renewable sources is stored in batteries that power the lamp at night. (Photo via hyperexperience.com)

The NYC LED Lamp - Last year, New York City’s Department of Transportation contracted with a company called Office of Visual Interaction to produce new LED-based street lighting radically different in form and function from existing lamps. The new light poles are sleeker and allow beams of light to be directed in different directions — meaning one lamp can illuminate both the sidewalk and the roadway. Though still currently under review, the program could eventually result in the replacement of the city’s entire stock of 300,000 lamps and reduce their overall power usage by 25-30 percent. (Image at top: OVI)

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The Daily Dig

Tuesday, April 28th, 2009

President Wants ‘People To Live In Communities Where They Don’t Always Have to Be in an Automobile’

Monday, April 27th, 2009

In this interview last week with the Washington Post (which we just noticed is available on video), the Transportation Secretary said some interesting things. For instance:

  • When asked about the vehicle miles tax–remember that LaHood got slapped down by the White House a couple of months ago for floating precisely this idea–he was indirect but seemed to suggest that the scheme is alive and well, but its fate is in Congress’s hands. “That debate will go on in Congress,” he said.
  • There will be no increase in the gas tax while Obama is president because people are economically stressed and it “is very regressive.” (This got a bit of press pickup last week.)
  • “The president wants to create opportunities for people to live in communities where they don’t always have to be in an automobile to get where they’re going.”
  • He and Housing secretary Sean Donovan see the new Livable Communities program as a means of “creating opportunities for people to get out of their cars.”
  • The current $13 billion in high speed rail funding is “a very good start,” but America’s HSR program “will develop over a couple decades.”
  • Regarding Amtrak’s future, he said: “Amtrak will be a part of some planning for some high speed rail corridors.”
  • His assessment of his own performance: “I was able to really help the president to extent that there’s $48 billion” in transportation funds in the stimulus package.

Part 2 of the video after the jump.

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5 Must-Have iPhone Apps For Commuters

Monday, April 27th, 2009

commuter-iphone

Among the 30,000 or so apps now available from iTunes, there are plenty that offer a momentary dumb thrill–”Hey, look! My iPhone’s full of beer!”–but in retrospect might seem like a questionable purchase. By contrast, some of the most permanently useful programs available for the device are ones that can help America’s 130 million commuters save time and money. After some rigorous field testing, we’ve put together a list of 5 applications that every iPhone-welding road (and rail) warrior should download immediately:

Google Maps
Price: Free

Even if it seems obvious, we have to tip our hat to this classic. It includes an incredible (and under-appreciated) feature that gives you up to date traffic readouts on your commuting route with green, yellow and red lines that indicate congestion level. It also offers GPS, street view, metro stop locations, walking and transit directions, and driving directions that include estimated travel times that account for traffic. There are also search capabilities fitransitbuddyor nearly everything and–well, plenty more. Not only the best commuter app, but quite possibly the best iPhone app, period.

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The Daily Dig

Monday, April 27th, 2009

Wind Power’s Dirty Little Secret

Friday, April 24th, 2009

damaged-broken-windmillThere’s a wonderful article in the current issue of Insight, the energy journal published by Platts, called “The Unbearable Lightness of Wind.”

The author, Ross McCracken, tackles the question that nobody has posed yet – what are the economic consequences going to be of putting up all these wind turbines with government subsidies, mandates and “feed-in tariffs” that tell the utilities, “Buy it whatever it costs”?

“The conundrum,” McCracken writes, “lies in the fact that wind does not directly displace fossil fuel generating capacity, but will make this capacity less profitable to maintain.”

What’s likely to happen, McCracken argues, is that windmills – which generate electricity only 30 percent of the time – will replace some peaking power and some base-load power:

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The 11 Most Innovative Transit Programs in the U.S.

Friday, April 24th, 2009

portland-streetcar

After many years of stumbling, America finally seems to be dedicated to the goal of getting transit right. The Environmental Defense Fund has just issued a report highlighting 11 of the most forward-looking and successful local programs across the country. They are:

Streetcars in Portland, Oregon: This system saves 70 million miles of car travel a year, sparked a local streetcar building industry, created billions of dollars worth of vital downtown development and is super, super sharp-looking.

The Orange bus line in Los Angeles: Dedicated bus lanes built over an old rail right of way create a service that’s “like a train on rubber tires.” With 22,000 riders, it’s getting three times as much traffic as was projected. A nice stations, bike facilities, low fares, and service every six minutes are among the features that make it a hit with commuters.

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The Daily Dig - High Speed Rail Edition

Friday, April 24th, 2009

Ha! Amusingly Defaced Street Signs, Part 3

Thursday, April 23rd, 2009

dont-stop-here-billpeterson

The people have spoken–with their mouses, that is–and the people like this silly little series. (As, frankly, do we.) And we’re always game to give the people more of what they like. If you haven’t yet seen Part 1, or Part 2, check them out. As you might guess from the headline, the theme here is street signs that are doctored up in funny, cheeky and occasionally smart ways.

More (including some abstract nudity and adult situations) after the jump:

peace-anthonysanfrancisco

Just cool.

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Why Doesn’t The Stimulus Include Money For Painting Roofs And Roads White?

Thursday, April 23rd, 2009

painting-roof-whiteIf there were such a book as “7 Habits of Highly Successful Planetary Civilizations,” one of those habits would be the ability to recognize and do simple things that substantially address complex problems–and to do so even if those simple things seem kind of silly at first.

Case in point: an initiative to paint (or in other ways make) rooftops and paved surfaces white in urban areas. Sounds ridiculous compared to doing fancy stuff like installing CO2 scrubbers, creating global cap and trade markets, and shooting billions of tons of greenhouse gases into geological formations, right? But there’s some compelling evidence that it would make a very big difference in delaying the effects of global warming. That it could be done cheaply and easily isn’t really up for debate.

One of the main proponents of the idea is Hashem Akbari, a nuclear engineer at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. More from this Miller-McCune article:

Akbari, along with Surabi Menon, another LBNL scientist, and Arthur Rosenfeld, a former LBNL scientist and now a California Energy Commission board member, claim that painting urban surfaces in warm parts of the world white or a light color could offset the carbon emissions of all 600 million of the world’s cars for 18 to 20 years — at a savings equivalent to at least $1 trillion worth of CO2 reductions.

This is not a hoax: Akbari, Menon and Rosenfeld are three of the country’s leading experts in their field, and their study published in the journal Climatic Change is backed by years of carefully calculated data.

They figure that painting 100 square feet of roof space white offsets the effect of one ton of CO2 emissions. So an American family of four could offset their annual carbon emissions with 8000 square feet of white space. If cities around the world lightened all their roads, parking lots and roofs, it “would offset 44 gigatons of CO2 emissions” — or about 18 months worth of emissions for the entire human family. Overall, the three scientists figure their plan could delay the effects of global warming by 11 extra years.

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The Daily Dig

Thursday, April 23rd, 2009

Slate’s Jack Schafer is dubious about all this talk of crumbling infrastructure. Structurally deficient bridges still work, he says. (Slate)

In Boston, 75 transit workers are being laid off due to MBTA deficits. (Boston Globe)

Russia is spending $1 billion on a bridge to nowhere despite of the generally poor condition of its infrastructure. (NYT)

Montreal is launching North America’s most ambitious bicycle share program. It will offer 3000 bikes and 300 stations. (Transport Politic)

From Greater Greater Washington, an ingenious solution to bus maps that are confusing and difficult to read — a “quick take” version of DC’s network showing only buses that run at least every 12 minutes. (GGW)

Guess what Al Gore uses to insulate his house. Hint: It’s cement. (Treehugger)

What You Really Should Be Thinking About on Earth Day: Transit and Suburban Development Patterns

Wednesday, April 22nd, 2009

spaghetti

For some environmentally minded folks, Earth Day is an occasion to fret over like how much recycled material is in our socks or whether to run our dishwashers at 3 a.m. or 3 p.m. But, as probably even the fretters know, debating that stuff is mostly a waste of time. When tackling a big problem, the first order of business is to figure out what efforts will yield the biggest overall improvements. And the biggest environmental challenge we face–and the thing that could go the furthest in “greening” the country–is configuring our cities and towns right. In large part, this means getting our transportation networks right, as Brookings expert Rob Puentes argues very effectively in this article today:

Transportation is the single largest contributor to the nation’s carbon footprint, causing more damage than industry, homes or commercial buildings. More than four-fifths of transportation emissions come from the tailpipes of our cars, trucks and buses.

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